Ecological topics that includes field/lab component
Insect biodiversity and species interactions and timing: pollinators, herbivores and their natural enemies
networks. If this general topic sounds exciting to you, you are welcome to develop a thesis topic together with me, taking your specific interests into account.
One of my current projects, which is particularly suitable for contributions by thesis projects, uses the IDENT tree diversity experiment, with one site in Freiburg (convenience!) And other sites in Canada (adventure!).
I am also super excited about wild bees, their flower preferences and how it interacts with flower opening and closure.
Some specific ideas:
-
- Do generalist herbivores prefer native or exotic trees? Feeding choice
experiments
- Response of spider communities to tree diversity: species identification
- Aphid population dynamics and predators: field experiments
- Pollen analysis to reveal bee species resource choice in relation to competition or time: lab work with existing samples
Suitable as: MSc or BSc projects.
Requirements: Enthusiasm about (fundamental) ecology and willingness to engage with a complex topic. Ability to develop a sound and well-organized analysis in R. Some knowledge of entomology (but also see my “computer-only topics”, where this is not required).
Time: Topics working with existing samples or data can start any time. Studies that include own field work have to start in spring or summer.
Contact: Dr. Jochen Fründ , jochen.fruend@biom.uni-freiburg.de , 0761 / 203-3747 (Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Faculty Env. And Nat. Res.)
Soya growing area of the future - model-based prediction of the suitability for cultivation of soybeans in Climate Change
The cultivation of soybeans in Germany reached an all-time high of around 33,000 ha in 2020 Acreage. According to data from the Deutsches Sojaförderring e.V.1, this corresponds to only about 2% of the annual demand in soybean in Germany. On a national as well as European level, climatic changes are expected to increase cover by around 50% through domestic production in the medium term (Roßberg and Recknagel 2017; Guilpart et al. 2020).
An increase in the soya cultivation area has in addition to numerous positive ecological aspects (e.g. Nemecek et al. 2008) direct political relevance (see e.g. the European soya Explanation2). For long-term use of the cultivation potential is it is necessary to identify future favoured areas in advance and to establish appropriate agricultural structures. In the course of climate change, the opposite effects can appear. While an elevated temperature in the growing season lead to a significant increase in cultivability (Guilpart et al. 2020), at the same time there is an increased risk of summer drought (Spinoni et al. 2017; Spinoni et al. 2018). In particular drought stress from the time of flowering significantly reduces the yield (Meckel et al. 1984; Frederick et al. 2001). This effect can be seen already at the regional level in the contract farming data from Taifun-Tofu GmbH. Despite this conflict, current models lack critical parameters such as precipitation or water retention capacity of soils (Guilpart et al. 2020).
The advertised thesis is intended to close this gap:
- Evaluation of the map of the current suitability for cultivation of soybean in Germany (figure above) under the requirements of the ability to predict climate change
- Modelling the shift in cultivation suitability under different climate projections on the basis the map of suitability for cultivation of soyabeans
- Analysis of the effects of increased summer drought on regional cultivation worthiness
The Deutsche version and full literature list for this advert can be found here.
Suitable as: BSc or MSc thesis project
Contact: Stefan Paul < s.paul@taifun-tofu.de>
Reference:
1https://www.sojafoerderring.de/
2https://www.donausoja.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Activity/Media/European_Soya_signed_declaration.pdf
Literature:
Frederick, James R.; Camp, Carl R.; Bauer, Philip J. (2001): Drought‐Stress Effects on Branch and Mainstem Seed Yield and Yield Components of Determinate Soybean. In: Crop Sci. 41 (3), S. 759–763. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2001.413759x.
Guilpart, Nicolas; Toshichika, Iizumi; David, Makowski (2020): Data-driven yield projections suggest large opportunities to improve Europe’s soybean self-sufficiency under climate change. In: bioRxiv, 2020.10.08.331496. DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.331496.
Extension of the map of suitability for cultivation of soya beans
Despite political declarations of intent (e.g. by the European Soya Declaration1), the European Union is strongly dependent on international soya imports (Fig. 1, Kezeya et al. 2020).
On the way to a meaningful nutritional provisioning at national, as well as at the European level, in the medium term around 50% of the demand could be covered from domestic production (Roßberg and Recknagel 2017; Guilpart et al. 2020). In addition to plant cultivation, an increase in the soya cultivation area also has numerous positive ecological aspects (e.g. Nemecek et al. 2008).
For an expansion of the soya cultivation it is important to identify cultivation suitability of undeveloped areas in advance. For this purpose, region-specific field tests, as well as location factors-based ex-ante evaluations (Rossiter 1996) are used. Newer models are also used for predictions under different climate scenarios (e.g. Daccache et al. 2012) or to consider economic approaches in the modelling of cultivation suitability (Marraccini et al. 2020).
In Germany, the "map of growing suitability of soyabeans” has established as a useful tool for cultivation advice (Fig. 2, Roßberg and Recknagel 2017). Cultivation suitability for soybeans is determined by means of readily available data such as mean land value figures, total precipitation, global radiation, as well as the CHU heat sums are calculated. Despite the simple concept the map shows a high overlap with the data of the contract cultivation of the Taifun-Tofu GmbH. However, the limitation to the area of the Federal Republic of Germany is very restrictive. European approaches are developed but often remain limited to specific regions (Marraccini et al. 2020) or a small set of climatic parameters (Guilpart et al. 2020).
The advertised work starts at this point and includes the following subject areas:
- Analysis of existing data for Central and Western Europe
- If necessary, adapt the model of the "map of Germany on the suitability of soybeans to be cultivated", depending on data availability and quality
- Calculation of cultivation suitability for available regions / countries
- Comparison of the model-based cultivation suitability with current cultivation areas
The Deutsche version and full literature list for this advert can be found here.
Suitable as: BSc or MSc thesis project
Contact: Stefan Paul < s.paul@taifun-tofu.de>
Reference:
1https://www.donausoja.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Activity/Media/European_Soya_signed_declaration.pdf
Literature:
Daccache, Andre; KEAY, C .; Jones, Robert JA; WEATHERHEAD, EK; STALHAM, MA; Knox, Jerry W. (2012): Climate change and land suitability for potato production in England and Wales: impacts and adaptation. In: J. Agric. Sci . 150 (2), pp. 161-177.
Guilpart, Nicolas; Toshichika, Iizumi; David, Makowski (2020): Data-driven yield projections suggest large opportunities to improve Europe's soybean self-sufficiency under climate change. In: bioRxiv , 2020.10.08.331496. DOI: 10.1101 / 2020.10.08.331496.
Winter Semester 2021/2022 “Mixed effect models with R”